The art of plant nutrition. Phosphorous fertilizers: types and their features

Phosphorus is one of the three elements vital for plants. It controls constant metabolic processes, being a source of energy. It is part of DNA and RNA, as well as many other substances that play a major role in the life of a plant organism.

The effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers depends on the type of soil. Phosphorus works perfectly in combination with nitrogen. Thanks to their combination in chernozems, the root system develops much faster and becomes stronger, and the plants do not require abundant watering. In the conditions of forest soils, only complex fertilizers are used, because with a lack of nitrogen, the positive effect of phosphorus immediately decreases. Complexes are applied to lands with a low fertility rate and an increased level of acidity.

DOUBLE AMMONIZED SUPERPHOSPHATE

Double ammonium superphosphate is a universal concentrated granulated complex nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer without foreign impurities, white-gray in color. Does not clump, has 100% friability, is not hygroscopic, has an even granulometric composition, does not create dust. Physiologically slightly acidic.

  • It is used on all types of soils and under all agricultural crops for the main, pre-sowing and post-sowing application in the rows during sowing.
  • It is used in conditions of protected soil together with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers.
  • Due to its physiological acidity, this fertilizer has proven itself well on soils saturated with bases (chernozem, chestnut).
  • Along with nitrogen and phosphorus, the presence of calcium, sulfur and magnesium, necessary for the normal development of plants.

In connection with the decrease in the use of simple phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate) in various soil and climatic zones, the problem of lack of sulfur content arises. This problem is especially relevant on soils with a significant amount of organic matter and slow rates of its mineralization, as well as on soils in which the content of organic matter (the main supplier of available forms of sulfur) is small.

Double ammonium superphosphate is a concentrated nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer containing phosphorus in water-soluble form, nitrogen in ammonium form (no nitrate form), additional nutrients: sulfur, calcium and magnesium.

 

AMOPHOS

Complex highly concentrated nitrogen-phosphorus granular fertilizer. The main component is monosubstituted ammonium phosphate with an admixture of disubstituted ammonium phosphate. The nitrogen and phosphorus compounds contained in the fertilizer are water-soluble (the content of water-soluble monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2P04) is 85-90%, and the content of citrate-soluble diammonium phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 is 10-15%) and easily accessible to plants.

  • It is used in fertilization systems in all soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Physiologically acidic fertilizer.
  • It is used for all crops on all types of soil.
  • It is better to apply during sowing and planting, when more phosphorus than nitrogen is needed. The optimal application rate for winter wheat is 1-2 t/ha, for sugar beet - 2-4 t/ha, preferably on stubble before plowing.

The nature of the transformation of ammophos in sod-podzolic soil largely depends on the level of its cultivation. On acidic soils, amphos, as the most soluble form, retrograded faster than other fertilizers, which led to a decrease in the content of mineral phosphates in the soil and an increase in the fraction of organic phosphorus and unavailable phosphates, compared to the soil fertilized with superphosphate. Liming of such soils also did not reduce the amount of retrogradation of ammophos phosphorus. On neutral and weakly alkaline soils, amphos provides a more favorable phosphorus regime, compared to superphosphate.

 

DIAMOPHOS

Diamophoska is a highly effective granular fertilizer that has been used in agriculture for many years, and it has been in the leading positions on both the Ukrainian and global agricultural markets for quite some time.

The composition of diamofoska includes: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various macro- and microelements.

  • One granule contains all the necessary elements for the plant, which allows you to place them evenly in the soil.
  • Diamofoska as a complete mineral fertilizer with an increased content of phosphorus and potassium is used on soils well supplied with nitrogen, as well as on soils that require phosphorus and potassium.
  • All the elements that make up the substance are easily accessible to plants and dissolve well in water.

The best compatibility of nutritional elements in DAFC makes it economically the most profitable for the main application to such crops as flax, winter and spring cereals, technical, rowing, perennial legumes. DAFC can be used in vineyards and orchards, and in addition, in irrigated agriculture, when growing rice. Diamofoska can be used for fat mixing, as it has good compatibility with all standard fats.

There are no restrictions on the use of fertilizer, as it does not harm the soil and is not washed out of it for a long time. It has excellent physical and chemical characteristics, which makes it easier to store and apply. It is made from environmentally friendly raw materials.

  • The use of diamofoska increases the resistance of plants to diseases, pests and adverse climatic conditions.
  • Fertilizer is used on peat soils poor in potassium and phosphorus.
  • Diamofoska can be used in conditions of protected soil together with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers.
  • Diamofoska is applied in the spring or autumn under plowing of the soil, as well as in fertilizing during the growing season.
 

SUPERPHOSPHATE

Superphosphate is a soluble fertilizer that can be produced in the form of granules or a light gray powder. The fertilizer contains 14% phosphorite and 19-19.5% phosphoric acid. During application, superphosphate does not increase soil acidity, as it contains gypsum (calcium sulfate). No more than 40-60 g of fertilizer can be applied to each square meter during top dressing.

  • It is used both individually and in mixtures.
  • Superphosphate has a positive effect on the dynamics of plant development, because it increases their resistance to low temperatures and helps develop their own immunity. Thanks to this, the yield of fruit, vegetable and cereal crops increases significantly.

NITROAMOPHOSKA

Concentrated, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer produced with different ratio and content of N:P:K: – 16:16:16, 22:11:11, 24:6:12, 15:15:15, etc.

  • It dissolves well in water.
  • Reduced fixation in the soil.
  • The volume of active components is at least 30%.
  • Impeccable fragility and non-clumping during long-term storage;
  • Increase in yield up to 70%, depending on the cultivated crop.

Fertilizer is granular, slightly hygroscopic, does not clump. elements of mineral nutrition are contained in the form of water-soluble and easily accessible compounds: NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, NH4NO3, NH4Cl, KCl, KNO3, CaHPO4. Nitroamophoska is a universal fertilizer, used in all soil and climatic zones for main, pre-sowing, post-sowing fertilization, for root top dressing and in closed soil for fertilizing vegetable and ornamental crops.

 

MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE (POTASSIUM MONOPHOSPHATE)

One of the most concentrated fertilizers soluble in water. P occupies almost a quarter of the total volume in it, another 30% is potassium. As for the absence of nitrogen, it is only beneficial, because it is precisely because of this that its use is permissible in any vegetable growing systems.

It is an ideal option for tomatoes, as both of its main components are needed by this crop. Has an effect on plant diseases of a fungal nature.

The optimal method of application is foliar top dressing (treatment of green mass). Two feedings during the season with its help are quite enough. It is necessary to use in the amount of 10-15 g per 1 m2.

 
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